Izimoto, izisindo nobukhulu

Isisindo esingenamthwalo, i-GVM ne-GCM

Isisindo esingenamthwalo, esibizwa nge-tare, yisisindo semoto nezinto zayo ezivamile, izingxenye eziyisipele nezinto ezinamatheliswe unomphela. Incwadi ayibali uphethiloli nempahla engahlali kuyo, kodwa ibala amabhethri ayingxenye yemoto esebenza ngogesi. Lesi akusona isisindo semoto elayishiwe uma ikalwa endaweni yokukala izimoto.

Isisindo esiphelele semoto esivunyelwe, i-GVM, singumkhawulo womkhiqizi wemoto nomthwalo wayo; uma umkhiqizi engawubekanga, ubekwa igunya lokubhalisa. Isisindo esiphelele senhlanganisela, i-GCM, singumkhawulo ohambisanayo wemoto edonsayo nezimoto ezidonsayo, obekwa umkhiqizi noma, uma engawubekanga, igunya lokubhalisa. Umthetho osebenzisa isamba sama-GVM ezimoto awusho ukuthi esikhundleni sawo usebenzise isisindo sazo sangempela zingenalutho. Hlola imininingwane esemthethweni yemoto kunokuyiqagela ngobukhulu bayo.

Izimoto zabagibeli nezempahla

Izibalo zabagibeli zihlanganisa umshayeli. Imoto encane yakhelwe noma iguqulelwe abantu abangadluli kwabayisishiyagalolunye; ikhumbi abantu abayishumi kuya kwabayishumi nesithupha; ibhasi eliphakathi abantu abangaphezu kwabayishumi nesithupha kodwa abangadluli kwamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Incazelo evamile yebhasi ihlanganisa izimoto zabantu abangaphezu kwabayishumi nesithupha. Ngakho ibhasi eliphakathi lingaphakathi kweqembu elibanzi lamabhasi lapho umthetho usebenzisa lelo qembu.

Imoto yezimpahla yakhelwe noma iguqulelwe ukuthwala impahla. Isigaba esisemthethweni sihlanganisa izimoto ezithile zokudonsa nezokutakula eziphukile; asakhiwa nje ukufaka isikhwama sezitolo emotweni. Impahla yizinto ezingasuswa kwenye indawo ziyiswe kwenye. Izigaba zamalayisensi nemikhawulo yejubane kusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwemoto kanye nesisindo sayo.

Ama-trailer, izimoto ezihlanganisiwe nogandaganda

I-trailer yakhelwe ukudonswa futhi ayizihambeli ngamandla ayo; inqola eseceleni yesithuthuthu ayiyona i-trailer. Inhlanganisela yizimoto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezixhunywe ndawonye. Imoto ehlanganisiwe iqukethe iloli elidonsayo ne-semi-trailer. I-semi-trailer ayinayo i-ekseli yangaphambili futhi idlulisela ingxenye enkulu yesisindo sayo emotweni eyidonsayo: incazelo yencwadi ibeka okungenani u-15% wesisindo sayo esingenamthwalo.

Iloli elidonsayo lakhelwe ukudonsa i-semi-trailer futhi lithwala isisindo esidluliswayo kunempahla evamile. Ugandaganda nogandaganda wokuthutha bayizigaba ezihlukene: incwadi ibahlukanisa ku-GCM engu-24,000 kg. Ukudonsa lapha kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe kwemoto eyakhelwe lokho; ukuhudula kufaka ukuhambisa imoto engakhelwanga ukudonswa, njengemoto ephukile. Kube sekusebenza imikhawulo ehlukile yokuyihudula.

Izithuthuthu nezinye izimoto ezincane

Isithuthuthu sinamasondo amabili futhi singaba nenqola eseceleni. Isithuthuthu esinamasondo amathathu sinezilawuli ezifana nezesithuthuthu; esinamasondo amane naso sinazo. Ukuthi isigaba selayisensi sivumela uhlobo lwemoto akwenzi zonke izibonelo zalo zibe semthethweni kuyo yonke imigwaqo.

Incazelo yemoto ihlanganisa ama-trailer nezimoto ezisizwa noma eziqhutshwa injini noma ugesi. Ayihlanganisi izimoto ezithile zamabhethri ezilawulwa umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo nezimoto zokuhambisa abantu eziklanyelwe lokho ezinesisindo esingadluli ku-230 kg. Ungasebenzisi umthetho wemoto evamile kulowo mshini ngaphandle kokuqala uhlole ukuthi ungena yini encazelweni esemthethweni.

Yini elinganiswa ngempela?

Ubude obuphelele busuka engxenyeni ephambili kakhulu buye kwesemuva kakhulu; inhlanganisela ikalwa isixhunywe yonke. Ukuphakama okuphelele kubala nomthwalo. Ububanzi obuphelele ngokuvamile bukala izingxenye ezibanzi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezibuko, izinkomba nezinye izinto ezincane eziphumele ngaphandle njengoba kubekiwe. Ukungabalwa kwento ebubanzini bemoto akusona imvume ejwayelekile yomthwalo ophumela ngaphandle.

Ingaphambili le-semi-trailer lichazwa ngokusebenzisa iphini layo lokuxhuma; ingemuva yingxenye yemoto esemva kakhulu. Imithetho yomthwalo ophumela ngaphandle ingakala ukusuka emaphethelweni emoto, ku-ekseli noma emugqeni ophakathi ngobude. Qala ubone indawo okukalwa kuyo ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa isilinganiso nomkhawulo.

Abantu, imibhalo nezingxenye zokuphepha

Umnikazi ngumuntu onelungelo elisemthethweni lokusebenzisa nokuzuza emotweni, ngaphansi kwemithetho yezivumelwano zezimali nokushintsha kobunikazi. Umshayeli oqeqeshiwe lapha ngodinga imvume yokushayela emsebenzini, i-PrDP, kuhlanganise nomqondisi womfundi ofanelekile kuleso sigaba. Umfundisi ufundisa ukushayela ngenkokhelo. Isikhathi sokushayela sibala nesikhathi esithile esihlalweni somshayeli lapho imoto isetshenziswa noma injini yayo ivuliwe.

Ikhadi lelayisensi lokushayela libhala igunya lomuntu lokushayela; idiski yelayisensi yemoto iphathelene nemoto. I-DLTC yisikhungo sokuhlola amalayisensi okushayela. Imoto elungele umgwaqo ihlangabezana nezimfuneko ezibekiwe zesimo esiphephile. Ibhuleki lesevisi liyayinciphisa futhi liyimise ekushayeleni okuvamile; ibhuleki lokupaka liyibamba inganyakazi; ibhuleki lesimo esiphuthumayo linikeza enye indlela edingekayo yokubhuleka. Isibuyiseli sokukhanya sibuyisa ukukhanya okuvela kwenye indawo, kodwa amalambu enza ukukhanya. Inkomba ikhuluma ngomnyakazo ohlosiwe, ilambu lokuma lixwayise ngokubhuleka. “UMthetho” usho i-National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996.

Isimo esichaziwe

Imoto yezimpahla ine-GVM engu-7,500 kg kodwa ayilayishile namuhla. Umkhawulo wejubane wesigaba sayo usancike ku-GVM ebhalisiwe. Ukukhipha umthwalo akuyiguquli ibe yimoto encane futhi akususi umkhawulo wayo wezimoto zezimpahla ongu-100 km/h.

I-LMV, i-HMV ne-MC encwadini

I-LMV isho imoto elula kanti i-HMV isho imoto esindayo. Ukuhlukanisa ku-3,500 kg kusebenzisa uhlobo lwesisindo olushiwo kuleso sigaba: isisindo esingenamthwalo esigabeni semoto esithintekayo, i-GVM kumakhumbi, amabhasi nezimoto zezimpahla, kanye nesilinganiso senhlanganisela esibekiwe ezinhlanganiseleni. I-MC yisifinyezo sencwadi esihlanganisa isithuthuthu, esinamasondo amathathu nesinamasondo amane.

Incwadi futhi igcizelela i-GVM ye-trailer engaphezu kuka-750 kg lapho ihlukanisa izinhlanganisela ngezinhloso zelayisensi. Ungacabangi ukuthi imoto elula edonsayo ikuvumela ngokuzenzakalela ukudonsa noma iyiphi i-trailer ngegunya elifanayo. Hlola inhlanganisela yangempela nekhodi eselayisensini; izincazelo ezilula zamakhodi abafundi azithathi indawo yamalungelo agcwele okulayisensi okudonsa ama-trailer.

Amanye amagama asetshenziswa emithethweni

Udokotela ngumuntu obhalisele ukusebenza esikhundleni sobungcweti esibekiwe; umbono womngani awuthathi indawo yokuhlolwa kwezempilo okudingekayo. Ipuleti lenombolo libonisa inombolo yelayisensi yemoto noma inombolo yokuhweba ngezimoto njengoba kubekiwe. Imoto ihlanganisa izinto ezihamba ngamasondo noma ngamathrekhi akhasayo kanye nemishini yokusekela ukutakulwa echaziwe, kodwa hhayi into ehamba kojantshi kuphela. Incazelo yomnikazi ingafaka umuntu ogcina imoto ephula isivumelwano sokuyibuyisa nomthengisi oyigcinele ukuyidayisa, kanye nomuntu onelungelo lokuyisebenzisa.

Ukungabalwa okuncane esilinganisweni kucacisiwe

Incazelo yokuphakama okuphelele ayibali izinto ezibekiwe zokuthinta ugesi ongaphezulu noma indlela yokuhamba phezu kwemoto esebenza ngogesi. Ububanzi obuphelele abubali izibuko eziseceleni nezinkomba, kanye no-30 mm kuphela ohlangothini ngalunye wezinto ezibekiwe eziphambukisa umoya, izibuyiseli zokukhanya noma amapuleti ezimpahla eziyingozi. Lokhu kungabalwa kwezingxenye eziqanjwe ngokuqondile akusebenzi kumthwalo obanzi noma ezintweni ezingaboshiwe.