Iinkoloyi, ubudisi nobukhulu

Ubudisi obungakalayitjhi, i-GVM ne-GCM

I-tare budisi bekoloyi engakalayitjhi eneentlabagelo zayo ezijayelekileko, iingcenye ezibekelwe ukutjhugulula neentlabagelo ezibotjhelwe unomphela. Incwadi ayifaki amafutha nepahla engakabambeki unomphela, begodu ifaka amabhethri ayingcenye yekoloyi esebenza ngegezi. I-tare ayifani nobudisi bekoloyi elayitjhiweko esikalweni.

I-gross vehicle mass (GVM) budisi obukhulu obuvunyelwe mtlami wekoloyi nepahla yayo; lapho umtlami angakayibeki, isiphathimandla sokutloliswa siyayibeka. I-gross combination mass (GCM) mkhawulo ohambisanako wekoloyi edonsako nalezo ezidonsako, obekwa mtlami namkha, nakangakayibeki, isiphathimandla sokutloliswa. Umthetho osebenzisa isamba sama-GVM weenkoloyi awukubawi bona ufake ubudisi bazo bangempela zinganalitho. Hlola imininingwana esemthethweni yekoloyi kunokulinganisela ngosayizi wayo.

Iinkoloyi zabagibeli nezepahla

Iinomboro zabagibeli zifaka umtjhayeli. Ikoloyi yakhelwe namkha itjhugululelwe abantu abangadluli kethoba; ikhumbi abantu abalitjhumi kuya kwabalitjhumi nesithandathu; i-midibus abantu abangaphezu kwalitjhumi nesithandathu kodwana abangadluli kematjhumi amathathu nahlanu. Ihlathululo evamileko yebhasi ifaka iinkoloyi ezakhelwe namkha ezitjhugululelwe ukuthwala abantu abangaphezu kwalitjhumi nesithandathu. I-midibus ngalokho ingena eqembini elibanzi lamabhasi lapho kusetjenziswa lowo mthetho.

Ikoloyi yepahla yakhelwe namkha itjhugululelwe ukuthwala ipahla. Uhlobo olusemthethweni lufaka iinkoloyi ezithileko zokudonsa nezokutakula, begodu alwenziwa ngokufaka isikhwama sokuthenga ekoloyini. Ipahla zizinto ezikhambisekako. Iigaba zelayisensi nemikhawulo yesiqubuthu zisebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwekoloyi kanye nobudisi bayo.

Amathreyila, iinkoloyi ezihlangeneko namatrege

Ithreyila yakhelwe ukudonswa begodu ayizikhambisi; ikarana yehlangothini yesithuthuthu ayisiyo ithreyila. Inhlanganisela ziinkoloyi ezimbili namkha ezingaphezu kwalokho ezihlanganisiweko. Ikoloyi ehlangeneko ihlanganisa i-truck-tractor ne-semi-trailer. I-semi-trailer ayina-ekseli yangaphambili begodu idlulisela ingcenye ekulu yobudisi bayo ekoloyini eyidonsako: ihlathululo yencwadi ibeka okungenani i-15% ye-tare yayo.

I-truck-tractor yakhelwe ukudonsa i-semi-trailer begodu ithwala ubudisi obudluliselweko kunepahla ejayelekileko. Itrege netrege yokudonsa ziigaba ezihlukileko: incwadi izihlukanisa ku-GCM ye-24,000 kg. “Ukudonsa ithreyila” kutjho umsebenzi wekoloyi eyakhelwe lokho; “ukutakula ngokudonsa” kufaka ukukhambisa ikoloyi engakenzelwa ukudonswa, njengekoloyi ephukileko. Bese kusebenza imikhawulo ehlukileko yokudonsa.

Iinthuthuthu nezinye iinkoloyi ezincani

Isithuthuthu sinamasondo amabili begodu singaba nekarana yehlangothini. Isithuthuthu samasondo amathathu sinamasondo amathathu neenlawuli zesithuthuthu; esamasondo amane sinamasondo amane neenlawuli ezinjalo. Isigaba selayisensi esifaka uhlobo lwekoloyi asenzi ngokuzenzakalelako bona yoke ikoloyi yalolo hlobo ivunyelwe kizo zoke iindlela.

Ihlathululo yekoloyi ifaka amathreyila neenkoloyi ezisizwa namkha ezitjhayelwa zinjini namkha igezi. Ayifaki iinkoloyi zebhethri ezithileko ezilawulwa mkhambi ngeenyawo neensiza zokukhamba ezakhelwe abakhubazekileko ezinobudisi obungadluli ku-230 kg. Ungasebenzisi umthetho wekoloyi ejayelekileko ensizeni yokukhamba ungakahloli bona ingena ehlathululweni esemthethweni na.

Yini kuhlekuhle elinganiswa?

Ubude obupheleleko buvela engcenyeni ephambili kunazo zoke ukuya kwengemuva kunazo zoke; inhlanganisela ilinganiswa ihlanganisiwe. Ukuphakama okupheleleko kufaka ipahla. Ububanzi obupheleleko ngokujayelekileko bulinganisa iingcenye ezibanzi kunazo zoke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingabalwako ezinjengeemboniboni ezithileko, iinkhombi nezinye iingcenye ezincani eziphumako. Ukungabalwa ebubanzini bekoloyi akusiyo imvume evamileko yokuthwala ipahla ephumako.

Isiphetho sangaphambili se-semi-trailer sihlathululwa ngokuya nge-kingpin yayo; isiphetho sangemuva yindawo yekoloyi engemva kunazo zoke. Imithetho yokuphuma kwepahla ingalinganisa kusukela emaphethelweni wekoloyi, e-ekselini namkha emudeni wesikhungo ohamba ngobude. Thola njalo indawo okusukelwa kiyo ngaphambi kokuqathanisa isilinganiso nomkhawulo.

Abantu, imitlolo neengcenye zokuphepha

Umnikazi mumuntu onelungelo elisemthethweni lokusebenzisa nokuthabela ikoloyi, ngaphasi kwemithetho yeenkontileka zeemali nokutjhuguluka kobunikazi. Umtjhayeli womsebenzi ngofanele abe nemvumo yokutjhayela yomsebenzi (PrDP), kufakwe nomelusi ofaneleko womfundi kuleso sigaba. Umfundisi unikela iimfundo zokutjhayela ngembadalo. Isikhathi sokutjhayela sifaka isikhathi esithileko esitulweni somtjhayeli lapho ikoloyi isetjenziswa namkha injini yayo isebenza.

Ikhadi lelayisensi lokutjhayela lirekhoda ilungelo lomuntu lokutjhayela; idiski yelayisensi yekoloyi iphathelene nekoloyi. I-DLTC liziko lokuhlola amalayisensi wokutjhayela. Ikoloyi elungele indlela ihambisana neemfuneko ezinqunyiweko zesimo esiphephileko. Ibhurege yokukhamba iyayibambezela begodu iyijamise ekutjhayeleni okujayelekileko; ibhurege yokupaka iyibamba ingakhambi; ibhurege yesimo esiphuthumako inikela omunye umsebenzi wokubhurega ofunekako. Isibuyisakhanya sibuyisela ukukhanya okuvela kwenye indawo, kanti amalambu enza ukukhanya. Isikhombi sikhuluma ngokukhamba okuhlosiweko, nelambu lokujamisa liyelelisa ngokubhurega. “UmThetho” utjho i-National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996.

Isibonelo esihlathululiweko

Ikoloyi yepahla ine-GVM ye-7,500 kg kodwana ayithwali litho namhlanjesi. Umkhawulo wayo wesiqubuthu wesigaba usaya nge-GVM ebekiweko. Ukususa ipahla akuyitjhugululi ibe yikoloyi elula namkha kususe umkhawulo wekoloyi yepahla we-100 km/h.

I-LMV, i-HMV ne-MC encwadini

I-LMV itjho ikoloyi elula, i-HMV ikoloyi esindako. Ukuhlukaniswa nge-3,500 kg kusebenzisa ubudisi obutjhiwo esigabeni: i-tare yesigaba sekoloyi esifaneleko, i-GVM yamakhumbi, amabhasi neenkoloyi zepahla, nesilinganiso esibekiweko senhlanganisela. I-MC sifinyezo sencwadi esifaka isithuthuthu, esamasondo amathathu nesamasondo amane.

Incwadi iveza ne-GVM yethreyila engaphezu kwe-750 kg lapho ihlukanisa iinhlanganisela ngehloso yamalayisensi. Ungacabangi bona ikoloyi elula edonsako ivumela woke amathreyila ngelungelo linye lokutjhayela. Hlola inhlanganisela yangempela nekhodi esetlayisensini; iinhlathululo ezilula zamakhodi wabafundi azithathi indawo yamalungelo apheleleko wokudonsa ethreyila kulayisensi yokutjhayela.

Amanye amagama asetjenziswa emithethweni

Udorhodere mumuntu otlolisiweko ukwenza umsebenzi wobudorhodere obekiweko; umbono womngani awuthathi indawo yokuhlolwa kwezepilo okufunekako. Inomboropuleyidi sitjengiso esinqunyiweko senomboro yelayisensi yekoloyi namkha inomboro yokurhweba ngeenkoloyi. Ikoloyi ifaka iinsiza ezikhamba ngamasondo namkha ngamabhande akhasako neentlabagelo ezichaziweko zokusekela ukutakula, kodwana ingasi into ekhamba emareyilini kwaphela. Ihlathululo yomnikazi ingafaka umuntu obambe ikoloyi ngokuphikisana nesivumelwano sokuyibuyisa nomthengisi oyibambele ukuyithengisa, kanye nomuntu onelungelo lokuyisebenzisa.

Ukungabalwa okuncani kwezilinganiso kukhethekile

Ihlathululo yokuphakama okupheleleko ayifaki iinsiza ezithileko zokuthinta igezi ephezulu namkha indawo yokukhamba phezu kwekoloyi yegezi. Ububanzi obupheleleko abufaki iimboniboni ezisemaceleni neenkhombi, kanye no-30 mm olinganiselweko ehlangothini ngalinye wezinqophisi zommoya, izibuyisakhanya namkha amabhodi wepahla eyingozi athileko. Lokhu okukhutjhiweko okuneenhloko ezicacileko akusebenzi epahleni ebanzi namkha eentlabagelweni ezixegako.