Izithuthi, ubunzima nobukhulu

Ubunzima obungenamthwalo, i-GVM ne-GCM

Ubunzima obungenamthwalo, obubizwa ngokuba yi-tare, bubunzima besithuthi nezixhobo zaso eziqhelekileyo, iinxalenye ezisecaleni nezinto ezifakwe ngokusisigxina. Incwadi ayibali amafutha nempahla engahlali kuso, kodwa ibala iibhetri eziyinxalenye yesithuthi esiqhutywa ngumbane. Abufani nobunzima besithuthi esilayishiweyo esikalwa kwisikali sezithuthi.

Ubunzima obupheleleyo obuvunyelweyo besithuthi, i-GVM, ngumda womvelisi wesithuthi nomthwalo waso; xa umvelisi engawubekanga, ubekwa ligunya lobhaliso. Ubunzima obupheleleyo bendibaniselwano, i-GCM, ngumda ohambelanayo wesithuthi esitsalayo nezithuthi esizitsalayo, obekwa ngumvelisi okanye, xa engawubekanga, ligunya lobhaliso. Umthetho osebenzisa isixa see-GVM zezithuthi awuceli ukuba endaweni yazo usebenzise ubunzima bazo obungenanto. Jonga iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni kunokuqikelela ngokobukhulu.

Izithuthi zabakhweli nezempahla

Inani labakhweli liquka umqhubi. Imoto encinci yenzelwe okanye ilungiselelwe abantu abangagqithanga kwisithoba; iteksi encinci abantu abalishumi ukuya kwabalishumi elinesithandathu; ibhasi ephakathi abangaphezu kweshumi elinesithandathu kodwa abangagqithanga kumashumi amathathu anesihlanu. Inkcazelo jikelele yebhasi iquka izithuthi ezenzelwe abantu abangaphezu kweshumi elinesithandathu. Ngoko ibhasi ephakathi ingena kwiqela elibanzi leebhasi xa umthetho usebenzisa elo qela.

Isithuthi sempahla senzelwe okanye silungiselelwe ukuthwala impahla. Udidi olusemthethweni luquka izithuthi ezithile ezitsalayo nezokuhlangula ezonakeleyo; alwenziwa ngokufaka nje ibhegi yezinto ezithengiweyo emotweni. Impahla zizinto ezinokususwa kwenye indawo. Iindidi zelayisenisi nemida yesantya zisebenzisa udidi lwesithuthi kunye nobunzima baso.

Iinqwelwana, izithuthi ezidityanisiweyo neetrektara

Inqwelwana yokutsalwa ayiziqhubeli ngokwayo; inqwelwana esecaleni yesithuthuthu ayibali njengale nqwelwana yokutsalwa. Indibaniselwano zizithuthi ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu ezibotshelelwe kunye. Isithuthi esidityanisiweyo siquka ilori yokutsala nenqwelwana engaphambili ixhaswe yilori, i-semi-trailer. Le nqwelwana ayina-ekseli yangaphambili kwaye idlulisela inxalenye enkulu yobunzima kwisithuthi esiyitsalayo: incwadi ithi ubuncinane yi-15% yobunzima bayo obungenamthwalo.

Ilori yokutsala yenzelwe ukutsala i-semi-trailer kwaye ithwala ubunzima obudluliselweyo endaweni yempahla eqhelekileyo. Itrektara netrektara yokuthutha zizindidi ezahlukileyo: incwadi izahlula kwi-GCM eyi-24,000 kg. Ukutsala apha kuthetha ukusetyenziswa okujoliswe kwisithuthi esenzelwe loo nto; ukutsala isithuthi esonakeleyo kuquka esingakhelwanga ukutsalwa, njengemoto eyaphukileyo. Kuze kusebenze imida eyahlukileyo yokutsala.

Izithuthuthu nezinye izithuthi ezincinci

Isithuthuthu sinamavili amabini kwaye sinokuba nenqwelwana esecaleni. Esinamavili amathathu sinezilawuli ezifana nezesithuthuthu; esinamavili amane naso sinjalo. Ukuba udidi lwelayisenisi luvumela uhlobo oluthile akuthethi ukuba yonke imizekelo yalo ivumelekile kuyo yonke indlela.

Inkcazelo yesithuthi esiqhutywa yimoto iquka iinqwelwana nezithuthi ezincediswa okanye eziqhutywa yinjini okanye ngumbane. Ayiquki izithuthi ezithile zebhetri ezilawulwa ngumntu ohamba ngeenyawo nezixhobo ezenzelwe ukuhambisa abantu ezinobunzima obungagqithanga kwi-230 kg. Musa ukusebenzisa umthetho wemoto eqhelekileyo kwisixhobo sokuhamba ngaphandle kokujonga ukuba singena na kwinkcazelo yomthetho.

Yintoni kanye kanye elinganiswayo?

Ubude obupheleleyo busuka kweyona ndawo iphambili buye kweyona ingasemva; indibaniselwano ilinganiswa ixhunyiwe yonke. Ukuphakama okupheleleyo kuquka umthwalo. Ububanzi obupheleleyo ngokuqhelekileyo bulinganisa iindawo ezibanzi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezibuko, izalathisi nezinye izinto ezincinci eziphumileyo njengoko kuchaziwe. Into engabalwayo kububanzi ayiyomvume jikelele yomthwalo ophumela ngaphandle.

Ingaphambili le-semi-trailer lichazwa ngephini lokuxhuma; ingasemva yeyona ndawo isemva yesithuthi. Imida yomthwalo ophumela ngaphandle inokulinganiswa kwiziphelo zesithuthi, kwi-ekseli okanye kumgca osembindini ngobude. Chonga kuqala indawo ekulinganiswa kuyo ngaphambi kokuthelekisa umlinganiselo nomda.

Abantu, amaxwebhu neendawo zokhuseleko

Umnini ngumntu onelungelo lokusebenzisa nokonwabela isithuthi, phantsi kwemithetho yezivumelwano zemali nokutshintsha kobunini. Umqhubi oqhuba njengomsebenzi ngumntu ekufuneka abe nemvume ye-PrDP, kuquka umntu owongamela umfundi ofanelekileyo kolo didi. Umhlohli ufundisa ukuqhuba ngentlawulo. Ixesha lokuqhuba liquka nexesha elithile esihlalweni somqhubi xa isithuthi sisetyenziswa okanye injini ivuliwe.

Ikhadi lelayisenisi lokuqhuba libhala igunya lomntu; idiski yelayisenisi yesithuthi iphathelene nesithuthi. I-DLTC liziko lovavanyo lwelayisenisi yokuqhuba. Isithuthi esilungele indlela sihlangabezana neemfuno zesimo esikhuselekileyo. Isiqhoboshi senkonzo siyasithoba size simise ekuqhubeni okuqhelekileyo; esokupaka sisibamba simile; esongxamiseko sinika enye indlela efunekayo yokuqhobosha. Isibonakalisi sokukhanya sibuyisa ukukhanya okuvela kwenye indawo, kodwa izibane ziyakuvelisa. Isalathisi sibonisa intshukumo ecetywayo, isibane sokumisa silumkise ngokuqhobosha. “UMthetho” uthetha i-National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996.

Umzekelo ochaziweyo

Isithuthi sempahla sine-GVM eyi-7,500 kg kodwa asinawo umthwalo namhlanje. Umda wesantya wodidi lwaso usaxhomekeke kwi-GVM ebhalisiweyo. Ukukhupha umthwalo akusiguquli sibe yimoto elula kwaye akususi umda waso we-100 km/h.

I-LMV, i-HMV ne-MC encwadini

I-LMV ithetha isithuthi esilula, i-HMV ithetha esinzima. Ukwahlula kwi-3,500 kg kusebenzisa ubunzima obubizwayo kudidi: ubunzima obungenamthwalo kudidi oluthintekayo, i-GVM kwiiteksi ezincinci, iibhasi nezithuthi zempahla, kunye nomlinganiselo obekiweyo wendibaniselwano. I-MC sisifinyezo sencwadi esiquka izithuthuthu ezinamavili amabini, amathathu namane.

Incwadi ikwagxininisa i-GVM yenqwelwana engaphezulu kwe-750 kg xa yahlula iindibaniselwano ngeenjongo zelayisenisi. Musa ukucinga ukuba isithuthi esilula esitsalayo sivumela ngokuzenzekelayo nayiphi na inqwelwana phantsi kwegunya elifanayo. Jonga indibaniselwano yokwenene nekhowudi yelayisenisi; iinkcazelo ezilula zeekhowudi zabafundi azithathi indawo yamalungelo apheleleyo eenqwelwana kwilayisenisi yokuqhuba.

Amanye amagama asetyenziswa emithethweni

Ugqirha ngumntu obhalisele ukusebenza kwisikhundla sobungcali esibekiweyo; uluvo lomhlobo aluthathi indawo yovavanyo lwezempilo olufunekayo. Ipleyiti yenombolo ibonisa inombolo yelayisenisi yesithuthi okanye inombolo yorhwebo lwezithuthi njengoko kuchaziwe. Isithuthi siquka izinto ezihamba ngamavili okanye ngeebhanti ezirhubuluzayo nezixhobo zenkxaso yokuhlangula ezichaziweyo, kodwa hayi into ehamba kwiziporo kuphela. Inkcazelo yomnini inokuquka umntu ogcina isithuthi ngokuchasene nesivumelwano sokusibuyisa nomthengisi osigcinele ukuthengisa, kunye nomntu onelungelo lokusisebenzisa.

Izinto ezincinci ezingabalwayo zichaziwe

Inkcazelo yokuphakama okupheleleyo ayibali izixhobo ezithile zokudibana nombane ophezulu okanye indawo yokuhamba phezu kwesithuthi sombane. Ububanzi obupheleleyo abuzibali izipili ezisecaleni nezalathisi, kunye ne-30 mm kuphela kwicala ngalinye zezinto ezichaziweyo zokuphambukisa umoya, izibonakalisi okanye iipleyiti zempahla eyingozi. Oku kungabalwa kwezinto ezibiziweyo akusebenzi kumthwalo obanzi okanye kwizixhobo ezingabotshwanga.