Timoto, tisindvo nebukhulu

Sisindvo lesingenamtfwalo, i-GVM ne-GCM

Sisindvo lesingenamtfwalo, lesibitwa nge-tare, sisindvo semoto nemishini yayo levamile, tincenye letiseceleni nalokunamatsiselwe unomphela. Incwadzi ayibali emafutsa nemphahla lengahlali kuyo, kodvwa ibala emabhethri layincenye yemoto lesebenta ngagesi. Lesi asifani nesisindvo semoto lelayishiwe esikalweni setimoto.

Sisindvo lesiphelele semoto lesivunyelwe, i-GVM, ngumkhawulo wemkhiciti wemoto nemtfwalo wayo; uma umkhiciti angakawubeki, ubekwa ligunya lekubhalisa. Sisindvo lesiphelele senhlanganisela, i-GCM, ngumkhawulo lohambisanako wemoto ledvonsako netimoto letidvonsako, lowentwa ngumkhiciti noma, uma angakawubeki, ligunya lekubhalisa. Umtsetfo losebentisa samba sema-GVM awusho kutsi ufake sisindvo sangempela lesingenalutfo esikhundleni sawo. Hlola imininingwane lesemtsetfweni kunekucagela ngebukhulu.

Timoto tebagibeli netemphahla

Tinombolo tebagibeli tifaka umshayeli. Imoto lencane yakhelwe noma iguculelwe bantfu labangendluli kulabayimfica; ikhumbi labalishumi kuya kulabalishumi nesitfupha; ibhasi lelisemkhatsini labangetulu kwelishumi nesitfupha kodvwa labangendluli kumashumi lamatsatfu nesihlanu. Inchazelo jikelele yebhasi ifaka timoto letakhelwe bantfu labangetulu kwelishumi nesitfupha. Ngako ibhasi lelisemkhatsini lingena ecenjini lelibanti lemabhasi lapho kusetjentiswa lona.

Imoto yemphahla yakhelwe noma iguculelwe kutfwala imphahla. Luhlobo lolusemtsetfweni lufaka timoto letitsite tekudvonsa netekutakula letephukile; alwentiwa kufaka sikhwama sekutsenga emotweni kuphela. Imphahla tintfo letingasuswa. Tinhlobo temalayisensi nemikhawulo yesivinini kusebentisa luhlobo lwemoto kanye nesisindvo sayo.

Ema-trailer, timoto letihlanganisiwe nabogandaganda

I-trailer yakhelwe kudvonswa futsi ayitihambeli; incola leseceleni yesitfutfutfu ayiyona i-trailer. Inhlanganisela timoto letimbili noma ngetulu letixhunyiwe. Imoto lehlanganisiwe ineloli lekudvonsa ne-semi-trailer. I-semi-trailer ayinayo i-ekseli yangaphambili futsi idlulisela incenye lenkhulu yesisindvo sayo kuledvonsako: incwadzi ibeka lokungenani u-15% wesisindvo sayo lesingenamtfwalo.

Iloli lekudvonsa lakhelwe kudvonsa i-semi-trailer futsi litfwala sisindvo lesidluliselwe kunemphahla levamile. Ugandaganda nalowo wekudvonsa imphahla betinhlobo letehlukene: incwadzi ibahlukanisa ku-GCM lengu-24,000 kg. Kudvonsa lapha kusho kusetjentiswa lokuhlosiwe kwemoto leyakhelwe loko; kuhudvula kufaka kuhambisa lengakhelwanga kudvonswa, njengemoto leyephukile. Bese kusebenta imikhawulo yekudvonsa leyehlukile.

Titfutfutfu naletinye timoto letincane

Sitfutfutfu sinemasondvo lamabili futsi singaba nencola leseceleni. Lesinemasondvo lamatsatfu sinetilawuli letifana nesitfutfutfu; lesinemane naso sinjalo. Lilayisensi lelifaka luhlobo alenti tonkhe tibonelo talolo hlobo tivunyelwe kuyo yonkhe imigwaco.

Inchazelo yemoto ifaka ema-trailer naletisitwa noma letichutjwa yinjini noma ngagesi. Ayifaki timoto letitsite temabhethri letilawulwa ngumuntfu lohamba ngetinyawo netimoto letakhelwe kuhambisa bantfu letingendluli ku-230 kg. Ungasebentisi umtsetfo wemoto levamile kulowo mshini ungakahloli kutsi uyangena yini enchazelweni yemtsetfo.

Yini lekalwa ngempela?

Budze lobuphelele busuka encenyeni lephambili kakhulu buye kweyemuva kakhulu; inhlanganisela ikalwa seyixhunyiwe yonkhe. Kuphakama kufaka umtfwalo. Bubanti lobuphelele buvame kukala tincenye letibanti kakhulu, ngaphandle kwetibuko, tinkhomba naletinye letincane letiphumako letibekiwe. Kungabalwa kwentfo kububanti akusiyo imvume jikelele yemtfwalo lophumela ngaphandle.

Ingaphambili le-semi-trailer lichazwa ngephini lekuxhumanisa; ingemuva yincenye leyemuva kakhulu yemoto. Imitsetfo yemtfwalo lophumako ingakala kusuka emaphetselweni, ku-ekseli noma emgceni losemkhatsini ngebudze. Chonga liphuzu lekukala ngaphambi kwekucatsanisa nesilinganiso lesivunyelwe.

Bantfu, imibhalo netincenye tekuphepha

Umnikati ngumuntfu lonelilungelo lekusebentisa nekuzuza emotweni, ngaphansi kwemitsetfo yetivumelwano tetimali nekushintja bunikati. Umshayeli losebenta ngalowo msebenti ngulodinga i-PrDP, kufaka umuntfu longamela umfundzi lolufanele luhlobo. Umfundzisi ufundzisa kushayela ngenkhokhelo. Sikhatsi sekushayela sifaka nesikhatsi lesitsite esihlalweni semshayeli lapho imoto isetjentiswa noma injini ivuliwe.

Likhadi lelilayisensi libhala ligunya lekushayela lemuntfu; idiski yelayisensi iphatsele imoto. I-DLTC sikhungo sekuhlola emalayisensi. Imoto lelungela umgwaco ihlangabetana netimfuneko tesimo lesiphephile. Libhuleki lesevisi liyehlisa liyimise ekushayeleni lokuvamile; lekupaka liyibamba inganyakati; lesiphutfumako liniketa enye indlela ledzingekako yekubhuleka. Sibuyiseli sekukhanya sibuyisa kukhanya kwalomunye umtfombo, kodvwa emalambu ayakwenta kukhanya. Sikhombi sitjela ngenhloso yekunyakata, nelilambu lekuma lixwayisa ngekubhuleka. “UMtsetfo” usho i-National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996.

Simo lesichaziwe

Imoto yemphahla ine-GVM lengu-7,500 kg kodvwa ayilayishile namuhla. Umkhawulo wesivinini weluhlobo lwayo usencike ku-GVM lebhalisiwe. Kukhipha umtfwalo akuyiguculi ibe yimoto lelula noma kususe umkhawulo wayo we-100 km/h.

I-LMV, i-HMV ne-MC encwadzini

I-LMV isho imoto lelula, i-HMV isho lesindzako. Kwehlukanisa ku-3,500 kg kusebentisa sisindvo lesibitiwe kulolo hlobo: lesingenamtfwalo kuluhlobo lolufanele, i-GVM kumakhumbi, emabhasi netemphahla, nesilinganiso senhlanganisela lesibekiwe. I-MC sifinyeto sencwadzi setitfutfutfu letinemasondvo lamabili, lamatsatfu nalamane.

Incwadzi iphindze igcizelele i-GVM ye-trailer lengetulu kwa-750 kg lapho ihlukanisa tinhlanganisela ngelayisensi. Ungacabangi kutsi imoto lelula ledvonsako ivumela yonkhe i-trailer ngaphansi kweligunya linye. Hlola inhlanganisela yangempela nekhodi ekulayisensi; inchazelo lelula yemakhodi ebafundzi ayisusi emalungelo aphelele ekudvonsa ema-trailer ekulayisensi yekushayela.

Lamanye emagama emitsetfweni

Dokotela ngumuntfu lobhaliselwe kusebenta kulomkhakha lobekiwe; umbono wemngani awususi kuhlolwa kwetempilo lokudzingekako. Lipuleti lenombolo libonisa inombolo yelayisensi yemoto noma inombolo yekuhweba ngetimoto njengobe kubekiwe. Imoto ifaka tintfo letihamba ngemasondvo noma emabhande lakhaselelako nemishini yekusekela kutakula lechaziwe, kodvwa hhayi intfo lehamba kujantji kuphela. Inchazelo yemnikati ingafaka logcine imoto aphula sivumelwano sekuyibuyisa nemtsengisi loyigcinele kuyitsengisa, kanye nalonelilungelo lekuyisebentisa.

Tintfo letincane letingabalwa tikhetsekile

Inchazelo yekuphakama ayifaki imishini letsite yekutsintsana nagesi longetulu noma indlela yekuhamba etulu kwemoto yegesi. Bubanti abufaki tibuko letiseceleni netinkhomba, kanye na-30 mm kuphela eceleni ngalinye tetintfo letibekiwe tekuphambukisa umoya, tibuyiseli noma emapuleti emphahla leyingoti. Loko kungabalwa lokukhonjwe ngco akusebenti emtfwalweni lobanti noma emishinini lengakaboshwa.