Lapho kusebenta khona imitsetfo yemgwaco
Umgwaco wemphakatsi ngumgwaco, sitaladi, indlela yekudlula noma lenye indzawo umphakatsi, noma incenye yawo, lonelilungelo lekungena kuyo. Umkhawulo wawo ngekwemtsetfo ubanzi kunemucu losetjentiswa timoto. Ufaka umphetho longaphandle, emabhuloho, tikebhe tekuwelisa nemisebenti lehlobene nawo. Ngako imitsetfo ingasebenta nasemgwacweni losemhlabeni wangasese.
Incwadzi ifaka kuligama lelitsi umshayeli nemuntfu logibela libhayisikili noma lochuba tilwane. Kusebentisa imoto kubanti kunekuyishayela wena kuphela: kufaka kuyisebentisa, kuvumela kusetjentiswa kwayo noma kuba nayo emgwacweni wemphakatsi. Umnikati angeke abalekele tibopho temoto ngekunika lomunye tikhiya kuphela.
Indzawo yetimoto, lihlombe, umphetho nendlela yebahambi
Cabanga ngemgwaco njengemicu leseceleni kwaleminye. Indzawo yekuhamba timoto yincenye letfutfukisiwe noma leyakhiwe yetimoto emkhatsini wemikhawulo yayo. Lihlombe lingaphandle kwaleyo ndzawo, liya emngceleni lowakhiwe lophakeme. Umphetho longaphandle yincenye yemgwaco lengaphandle kwendzawo yetimoto nelihlombe; indlela yebahamba ngetinyawo yincenye yalowo mphetho leyentelwe bona. Umzila wetimoto ngumucu ngebudze lobanti ngalokwanele kutsi kudlule lulayini lunye.
Umkhawulo wendzawo yetimoto ukuphela kwendzawo letfutfukiselwe tona. Umngcele lophakanyisiwe wakhiwe, ngalokujwayelekile emkhatsini welihlombe noma indzawo yetimoto nemphetho longaphandle. Lawa emaphuzu ekukala awashintjaniswa: umtsetfo wekupaka emaphandleni lokala kusuka emkhawulweni wendzawo yetimoto awukali kusuka emngceleni lophakanyisiwe.
Kuphambana, kuhlangana nendzawo yekuwela
Indzawo yekuphambana ifaka bonkhe bubanti bemigwaco lewelanako noma lehlanganako, kanye nemiphetho yayo. Indzawo yekuhlangana kulapho kuhlangana khona tincenye letihanjwa timoto; imigca yekuma neyekuniketa indlela isita kuchaza umkhawulo. Ungacabangi kutsi indzawo icala kuphela emkhatsini wendzawo yekuwela lependiwe.
Indzawo yekuwela yebahamba ngetinyawo ingamakwa, noma ibe sikhala lapho kwandziswa khona imigca yemikhawulo yetindlela tebahambi endzaweni yekuphambana. Sichingi setimoto sehlukanisa noma sikhombise kuhamba kwetimoto; asiyondzawo yekupaka. Kuwela umgwaco wemphakatsi kusho kunqamula kuhamba kwetimoto, hhayi kuchubeka uhamba nato.
Indzawo yasemadolobheni, umgwaco lomkhulu nemzila logcinelwe labatsite
Indzawo yasemadolobheni yindzawo leyakhiwe lechazwe ngekwemtsetfo, lehlobene netitandi letehlukanisiwe, hhayi nje lapho kunetindlu letimbalwa. Umgwaco lomkhulu longu-freeway ukhonjwa timphawu letifanele; umgwaco lobanti lonetincenye letimbili awubi yi-freeway ngekwawo. Umgwaco wemphakatsi lowehlukanisiwe unetincenye tekuhamba letehlukene, letivame kwehlukaniswa yintfo leyakhiwe.
Umzila logcinelwe labatsite ubekelwe luhlobo lwemoto noma kusetjentiswa lokutsite, ngalesinye sikhatsi kuphela ngema-awa lakhonjisiwe. Fundza luphawu lonkhe nelipuleti lesikhatsi ungakancumi kutsi ungawusebenzisa yini. Emarobhothi yimishini yekulawula timoto; timphawu temgwaco atigcini emabhodini lamile, futsi kufanele tifundvwe kanye nemigca nemiyalo lesemtsetfweni.
Kuma akufani nekupaka
Kuma kusho kwenta imoto inganyakati. Kupaka kusho kuyigcina inganyakati sikhatsi lesendlula lesidzingekako ngalokufanele kulayisha noma kwehlisa bantfu noma imphahla, ngaphandle kwekuma ngesizatfu lesingetulu kwemandla akho. Kuhlala esihlalweni semshayeli noma kushiya injini isebenta akwenti kupaka kube semtsetfweni ngekwako.
Njengoba kupaka kukuma sikhatsi lesidze, tonkhe tindzawo letingavumeli kuma ativumeli nekupaka. Kuvinjelwa kwekupaka kungavumela kuma kancane kulayisha noma kwehlisa lokuvumelekile ngalenye indlela; akususi umtsetfo wekungami endzaweni yekuwela, ebhulohweni noma kwenye indzawo.
Simo lesichaziwe
Umshayeli upaka emgwacweni wasemaphandleni emasondvo angesancele angaphandle nje kweliyela, kodvwa imoto isaphumela endzaweni yetimoto. Kuba kwemasondvo lamabili elihlombe akwenti leyo ndzawo ibe semtsetfweni. Chonga umkhawulo wendzawo yetimoto bese uhlola umtsetfo wekupaka emaphandleni nekutsi yonkhe imoto ikudze ngalokwanele yini.
Takhiwo letincane nemikhawulo lengakamakwa nayo iyabalwa
Libhuloho lifaka umzila wemanti noma libhuloho leliphansi, ngako umtsetfo wekungami awugcini esakhiweni lesikhulu lesiphakeme. Lapho luphawu lwemkhawulo luchaza khona indzawo yetimoto, lusebentise. Uma lungekho, umphetho weliyela noma ukhonkolo ngumkhawulo; kulomunye umgwaco sebenzisa umphetho wencenye letfutfukiselwe timoto. Umugca wemngcele lophakeme wehlukanisa lihlombe nemphetho longaphandle, noma indzawo yetimoto nemphetho lapho kungekho lihlombe.