Funda amaphleyiti, iinhlanganisela nokususwa kwemikhawulo

Buza imibuzo emine ngepleyiti engezelelweko

Thoma ufunde umlayo omkhulu. Bese ubuza: usebenza kubani, usebenza nini, usebenza kuphi, begodu ngaphasi kobujamo obunjani? Ipleyiti engezelelweko ikhawulela namkha ibeka imibandela yetshwayo etjengiswa nalo; ayisiyo imvumo ezijameleko yokungawulaleli umlayo omkhulu.

Amaphleyiti wesikhathi afaka isikhathi sinye, iinkhathi ezimbili, amalanga abekiweko nobude obuphezulu bokuhlala. Ipleyiti yobude bokuhlala iphendula bona ungahlala isikhathi esingangani ngesikhathi esibekiweko. Amaphleyiti wokungabonakali kuhle, wemini newebusuku aphendula bona umlayo akhamba nawo usebenza nini. Funda iinkhathi neenthombe zamambala etshwayweni elihlonyiweko.

Isithombe sesiqhema seenkoloyi sikhawulela umlayo namkha ukwalelwa esiqhemeni leso. Amalogo namkha amagama wabasebenzisi akhomba umsebenzisi ovunyelweko. Ipleyiti yokubhadala nokutjengisa ifuna indlela yokubhadala neyokutjengisa ebekiweko. Ipleyiti yenani eliphezulu ikhawulela inani leenkoloyi ezisebenzisa indawo ebekelweko; ayisiwo umkhawulo webelo.

• Amatshwayo wokubekela ihlangothi atjengisa ukukhamba okubekelwe isiqhema esitjengisiweko ngesinceleni, ngesokudla namkha ngeenhlangothini zombili. Funda umcibisholo wehlangothi nesithombe sekoloyi kokubili.
• Nangabe itshwayo lokungapaki lisebenza eenthuthuthwini ngesikhathi esibekiweko, alitjhuguluki libe litshwayo lokupaka iinthuthuthu kwaphela. Ukwalelwa kuhlala kungumlayo omkhulu.
• Ungaqageli umbandela ongekho namkha ongafundekiko ngekhodi yetshwayo encwadini. Nciphisa ibelo kusesenesikhathi ukuze ufunde ipleyiti yamambala ngokuphepha.

Hlanganisa imibandela ngaphandle kokuphendukezela umlayo

Incwadi itjengisa ukuhlelwa komkhawulo nomkhawulo, kwesenzo nomkhawulo, kwesenzo nento, nento nomkhawulo. Ukulandelana kokufunda kuhlala kufana: yazi itshwayo elikhulu, bese usebenzisa yoke imibandela efaneleko. Amaphleyiti amabili awasulani.

Isibonelo, umlayo wamalambu wangaphambili onombandela wokungabonakali kuhle ufuna amalambu ebujamweni lobo. Ukubekelwa kweenkoloyi zokwakha okunama-iri wokusebenza kubekela indawo isiqhema leso ngama-iri lawo. Ipleyiti yesithuthuthu ngaphasi kwetshwayo lokungapaki isebenzisa ukwalelwa eenthuthuthwini. Itshwayo lomkhawulo webelo nepleyiti yekoloyi likhawulela isiqhema esitjengisiweko kunokusibekela indlela.

Itshwayo elivumela kwaphela iinkoloyi ezingaphezu kobudisi obutjengisiweko liphendula bona ngiziphi iinkoloyi ezingasebenzisa indlela. Ubudisi obufanako etshwayweni elivimbela umkhawulo wobudisi buphendula bona ngiziphi iinkoloyi ezingakavunyelwa ukungena. Ukufunda inomboro kwaphela kunikela ipendulo ephambeneko.

• Ithebula lehlanganisela encwadini yomfundi linamaphutha wamagama: isibonelo samalambu wangaphambili sibizwa ngomyalelo wetolo, begodu umkhawulo wejubane lekoloyi yokwakha uhlathululwa njengomyalelo wobudisi kwaphela. Landela ihlathululo yetshwayo elitjengisiweko neenhlathululo zomthetho eziyisisekelo; ungabambi ngehloko iinhlathululo lezo ezineemphoso.

Khuyini okuphelako, begodu khuyini okuragela phambili?

Amatshwayo wokususa imikhawulo asusa umthetho othileko otjengisiweko. Yazi isithombe esisuliweko ngomugqa namkha ngenye indlela begodu usihlanganise nomkhawulo bewuwulandela. Ungathathi iphaneli yokususa njengemvumo yokutjhayela ngaphandle kwananyana ngimuphi umthetho.

Ngemva kokuphela komkhawulo wesikhatjhana wemisebenzi yendlela, eminye imikhawulo yangesikhathi soke nemithetho ejayelekileko yendlela isasebenza. Ngemva kokuphela kokubekelwa komzila, ukususwa kwakho akuvumeli ukutjhentjha imizila ngokungaphephi. Hlola godu amatshwayo alandelako, amamaki wemizila, iinthuthi nokubonakala ngaphambi kokwandisa ibelo namkha ukutjhentjha isikhundla.

Iinhlanganisela ezilitjhumi nantathu ezilawulako ekhasini 22

Sebenzisa itshwayo elikhulu kokuthoma, bese ufunda yoke ipleyiti etjengisiweko. Sebenza ngeembonelo ezilandelako ngaphandle kokuthatha isithombe sesiqhema njengomlayo sisodwa.

• Azikho iinkoloyi ezingakavunyelwa ngeenkhathi ezimbili ezibekiweko: imvumo nesikhathi kokubili kubeka imibandela yokungena.
• Akukajikwa ngokuka-U ebusuku: ipleyiti yebusuku ibeka umbandela wokukhamba okwalelweko.
• Ukupaka okukhawulelweko nokubhadala nokutjengisa: landela ubude obuphezulu bokuhlala nombandela wokubhadala nokutjengisa.
• Ragela ngesinceleni kwaphela eenkoloyini zemithwalo ezingaphezu kwe-GVM etjengisiweko: ukukhamba nomkhawulo wesiqhema kokubili kuqakathekile.
• Jikela ngesokudla ngesikhathi ngasinye kwezibekiweko: funda iinkhathi zombili.
• Akukajikelwa ngesinceleni ngaphambili eenkoloyini zemithwalo ezingaphezu kwe-GVM etjengisiweko: lungiselela enye indlela esemthethweni ngaphambi kwemihlangano.
• Akukajanywa ziinkoloyi ezithwele ipahla eyingozi: ungakuthathi njengokwalelwa kokupaka kwaphela.
• Umkhawulo webelo obekelwe imini: isithombe selanga ngumbandela wesikhathi.
• Umkhawulo wobude ngesikhathi ngasinye kwezibekiweko: inomboro ilinganisa ubude bekoloyi, ingasi ibelo.
• Ibelo eliphasi elisebenza eenkoloyini zemithwalo: hlukanisa umlayo ohlaza kwesibhakabhaka nomkhawulo ophezulu werenghi ebomvu.
• Ibelo eliphezulu elisebenza eenthuthuthwini: ipleyiti yekoloyi ikhawulela umlayo esiqhemeni leso.
• Ukubhadala i-toll 400 m ngaphambili: ibanga likutjela bona indawo ye-toll isondela kuphi, ingasi ubude bokubhadala i-toll.
• Akukadlulwa ezinye iinkoloyi ibanga le-2 km: ipleyiti ethi “For” ibeka ubude bomkhawulo.

Iinhlanganisela ezilikhomba eziragela phambili ekhasini 23

Iimbonelo lezi zingezelela ilwazi lokuqinisa umthetho begodu zihlanganisa isiyeleliso nomkhawulo. Iinkhathi ezitjengisiweko ngezomzekelo; endleleni funda amanani wamambala ahlonyiweko.

• Iinkoloyi zokuletha ipahla kwaphela ukusuka ku-06:00 ukuya ku-09:00: umlayo wesiqhema oyindilinga usebenza ngesikhathi leso.
• Iinkoloyi ezithwele ipahla eyingozi kwaphela ngesikhathi se-07:00–09:00 ne-16:00–18:00: funda iinkhathi zombili.
• Umkhawulo ophezulu we-80 km/h onepleyiti yekhamera: umkhawulo ungaqiniswa ngomthetho; isithombe sekhamera asitjhugululi inani lawo.
• Umkhawulo ophezulu we-60 km/h ukusuka ku-06:00 ukuya ku-09:00: funda isikhathi epleyitini etjengisiweko. Ikhodi eprintiweko yehlathululo iyaphikisana nepleyiti yesikhathi begodu akukafaneli ibanjwe ngehloko njengekhodi yayo.
• Umkhawulo ophezulu we-100 km/h ebusuku: ipleyiti yenyanga nenkwekwezi ngiyo ebeka umbandela wesikhathi.
• Umkhawulo ophezulu we-60 km/h nendlela enamajiko ibanga le-8 km namalambu aphazimako: hlanganisa umthetho, ingozi nobude obuthintekako.
• Iinkoloyi zalelwe ukusuka ku-06:00 ukuya ku-09:00: lokhu kukwalelwa kwesiqhema leso, ingasi indlela ebekelwe iinkoloyi.

Soke isibonelo somkhawulo, isenzo nento ekhasini 38

Iinhloko ezine zisizo lokufunda, ingasi iinqhema ezine ezitjha zamatshwayo. Iimbonelo ezinengana ziphinda ukuhlanganiswa kwehlathululo okufanako. Irhelo elilandelako ligcina umlayo ngamunye ohlukileko, kufaka hlangana namakhodi neenhlathululo ezilungisiweko, ukuze ithebula lifundwe ngaphandle kokufundisa iphoso eprintiweko.

• Ukupaka okukhawulelweko nokubhadala nokutjengisa: yanelisa kokubili isikhathi esivunyelweko nendlela yokubhadala.
• Umkhawulo wobudisi nesikhathi: umkhawulo wobudisi usebenza ngesikhathi esibekiweko.
• Umkhawulo webelo nombandela wobudisi: yazi isiqhema sobudisi ibelo elisebenza kiso.
• Ukupaka kwesikhatjhana okukhawulelweko neenkhathi namkha amalanga abekiweko: hlola iinkhathi zesikhatjhana nobude obuphezulu bokuhlala.
• Ibelo eliphasi leentraga neenkoloyi zemithwalo: isiqhema sibeka umbandela womlayo.
• Ibelo eliphezulu emini: funda umbandela welanga.
• Ibelo eliphezulu ebusuku: funda umbandela wenyanga nenkwekwezi.
• Ibelo eliphezulu lesikhatjhana nakungabonakali kuhle: ubujamo bubeka umbandela womkhawulo.
• Ibelo eliphezulu lesikhatjhana leenkoloyi zokwakha: ingcenye ephindwako iyinhlanganisela yebelo nesiqhema, nanyana enye ihlathululo enephoso ithi ngobudisi kwaphela.
• Ukupaka okukhawulelweko kwamaminibhasi: kokubili isiqhema esibekelweko nomkhawulo wokupaka kuyasebenza.
• Akukajikelwa ngesokudla ngaphambili ngeenkhathi ezibekiweko: ungalindi ukufika lapho ukujika kwalelwe khona ngaphambi kokukhetha enye indlela.
• Akukajanywa ngesikhathi esibekiweko: ipleyiti yesikhathi ayikutjhugululi kube kungapaki kwaphela.
• Ragela ngqo kwaphela eenkoloyini zemithwalo ezingaphezu kwe-GVM etjengisiweko: landela umcibisholo nangabe ikoloyi yakho ihlangabezana nesiqhema namkha nomkhawulo lowo.
• Ukubekelwa kokupaka ngesikhathi esibekiweko: sebenzisa iinkhathi zamambala ukwazi bona ukubekelwa kusebenza nini.
• Ukubekelwa komzila wamabhasi ngesikhathi esibekiweko: iinthuthi ezijayelekileko kufanele zihlale ngaphandle nakusebenza.
• Hlala ngesinceleni eenthuthuthwini: umlayo wehlangothi lesiqabo ukhawulelwe esiqhemeni leso.
• Jikela ngesinceleni eenkoloyini zokuletha ipahla: isithombe sekoloyi yokuletha sibeka umbandela womlayo wokujika.
• Khanyisa amalambu wangaphambili nakuncipha ukubona: landela umyalo wamalambu; amagama aphrintiweko awuraranisa nomyalo wetolo.
• Ukwalelwa kokudlula ezinye iinkoloyi okubekelwe isiqhema seenkoloyi zepahla eyingozi: funda isiqhema nesithombe sokudlula ndawonye.
• Akukajikelwa ngesokudla ngaphambili emabhasini: kuhlala kukwalelwa, ingasi ukujikela ngesokudla kwamabhasi kwaphela.
• Amabhasi wokuvakatjha kwaphela ngeenkhathi ezibekiweko: isikhathi sibeka umbandela womlayo wesiqhema kwaphela.
• Amateksi alelwe ngesikhathi esibekiweko: isikhathi sibeka umbandela wokwalelwa.
• Abakhamba ngeenyawo balelwe ngesikhathi esibekiweko ekuhlelweni kwesikhatjhana.
• Ukubekelwa kokupaka kweenkoloyi ezinabakhweli abanengi ngesikhathi esibekiweko: hlola umbandela wenani labakhweli nesikhathi.
• Ukubekelwa kweenkoloyi zokwakha ngesikhathi esibekiweko: hlola isiqhema nesikhathi ngaphambi kokungena.